Withdrawal and Return of Title IV Funds (R2T4) Policy
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How a withdrawal affects financial aid
Federal regulations require Title IV financial aid funds to be awarded under the assumption that a student will attend the institution for the entire period in which federal assistance was awarded. When a student withdraws from all courses for any reason, including medical withdrawals, he/she may no longer be eligible for the full amount of Title IV funds that he/she was originally scheduled to receive. The return of funds is based upon the premise that students earn their financial aid in proportion to the amount of time in which they are enrolled. A pro-rated schedule is used to determine the amount of federal student aid funds he/she will have earned at the time of the withdrawal. Thus, a student who withdraws in the second week of classes has earned less of his/her financial aid than a student who withdraws in the sixth week. Once 60% of the semester is completed, a student is considered to have earned all of his/her financial aid and will not be required to return any funds.
Federal law requires schools to calculate how much federal financial aid a student has earned if that student:
- Completely withdraws, or
- Stops attending before completing the semester, or
- Does not complete all modules (courses which are not scheduled for the entire semester or payment period for which he/she has registered at the time those modules began.)
Based on this calculation, students who receive federal financial aid and do not complete their classes during a semester or term could be responsible for repaying a portion of the aid they received. Students who do not begin attendance must repay all financial aid disbursed for the term.
How the earned financial aid is calculated
Students who receive federal financial aid must “earn” the aid they receive by staying enrolled in classes. The amount of federal financial aid assistance the student earns is on a pro-rated basis. Students who withdraw or do not complete all registered classes during the semester may be required to return some of the financial aid they were awarded.
Institutions are required to determine the percentage of Title IV aid ‘'earned” by the student and to return the unearned portion to the appropriate aid programs. Regulations require schools to perform calculations within 30 days from the date the school determines a student's complete withdrawal. The school must return the funds within 45 days of the calculation. The R2T4 calculation process and return of funds is completed by the Financial Aid Office.
For example, if a student completes 20 percent of the payment period, they earn 20 percent of the aid they were originally scheduled to receive. This means that 80 percent of the scheduled awards remain “unearned” and must be returned to the federal government. After 60% of the semester is completed, a student is considered to have earned all of his/her financial aid and will not be required to return any federal funds.
The following formula is used to determine the percentage of unearned aid that has to be returned to the federal government:
- The percent earned is equal to the number of calendar days completed up to the withdrawal date, divided by the total calendar days in the payment period (less any scheduled breaks that are at least 5 days long).
- The payment period for most students is the entire semester. However, for students enrolled in modules (courses which are not scheduled for the entire semester or term), the payment period only includes those days for the module(s) in which the student is registered.
- The percent unearned is equal to 100 percent minus the percent earned.
For students enrolled in modules:
A student is considered withdrawn if he/she does not complete all of the days in the payment period that the student was scheduled to complete. The University will track enrollment in each module (a group of courses in a program that do not span the entire length of the payment period combined to form a term, for example, courses online and at regional centers and summer sessions) to determine if a student began enrollment in all scheduled courses. If a student officially drops courses in a later module while still attending a current module, he/she is not considered as withdrawn based on not attending the later module. However, a recalculation of aid based on a change in enrollment status may still be required.
Students who provide written confirmation to the Financial Aid Office at the time of ceasing attendance that they plan to attend another course later in the same payment period are not considered to have withdrawn from the term. If the student does not provide written confirmation of plans to return to school later in the same payment period or term, CU considers the student to have withdrawn and begins the R2T4 process immediately. However, if the student does return to CU in the same term, even if he/she did not provide written confirmation of plans to do so, the student is not considered to have withdrawn and is eligible to receive the Title IV funds for which the student was eligible before ceasing attendance. Financial Aid will then reverse the R2T4 process and provide additional funds that the student is eligible to receive at the time of return.
Institutional funds are not subject to the R2T4 policy. Return of Kentucky State funding are governed by Kentucky Higher Education Assistance Authority.
Determining the withdrawal date
For an official withdrawal, the effective withdrawal date is the first date of notification by the student to the Academic Affairs Office or designated official. We may use a last date of attendance for the effective withdrawal date if the last date a student attended class or submitted coursework is verified by an employee at CU who has knowledge of a student's class attendance, or if there is an emergency situation and there is third party documentation that verifies a student has not attended class. For unofficial withdrawal, it is the date the institution becomes aware that the student is no longer attending the institution.
For an unofficial withdrawal, due to the student failing all classes, the effective withdrawal date is the midpoint of the term if there is no late date of attendance reported by instructors. The withdrawal date for students who are academically dismissed is the date of the notification of their dismissal. We may use a last date of attendance for the effective withdrawal date if the last date a student attended class or submitted coursework is verified by an employee at CU who has knowledge of a student's class attendance, or if there is an emergency situation and there is third party documentation that verifies a student has not attended class.
The Return of Title IV Funds
Step 1: Student's Title IV Information
Financial Aid Office will determine:
- The total amount of Title IV aid disbursed (if any) for the term the student withdrew. (Title IV aid is counted as aid disbursed in the calculation if it has been applied to the student account on or before the date the student withdrew.)
- The total amount of Title IV aid disbursed, plus the aid that could have disbursed (if any) for the term in which the student withdrew.
Step 2: Percentage of Aid Earned
Financial Aid Office will calculate the percentage of aid earned as follows:
The number of calendar days completed by the student divided by the total number of calendar days in the term (weekends included) in which the student withdrew.
Days Attended / Days in Enrollment Period = Percentage Completed
If the calculated percentage exceeds 60%, then you have “earned” all aid for the period and we will not have to return any federal funds.
**Important note: The date the student earns more than 60% of aid does not coincide with the tuition refund schedule for dropped classes, and is only used to determine the amount of financial aid we must return (if any).
Step 3: Amount of Aid Earned by Student
The Financial Aid Office will calculate the amount of aid earned as follows:
The percentage of Title IV aid earned (step 2) multiplied by the total amount of Title IV aid disbursed or that could have disbursed for the term in which the student withdrew (Step 1).
Total Aid Disbursed x Percentage Completed = Earned Aid
Step 4: Amount of Title IV Aid to be Disbursed or Returned
- If the aid already disbursed equals the earned aid, no further action is required.
- If the aid already disbursed is greater than the earned aid, the difference must be returned to the appropriate Title IV aid program. This means that a balance may be created on the student account, and the student will then be billed and responsible for paying all charges. Total Disbursed Aid - Earned Aid = Unearned Aid to be Returned
- If the aid already disbursed is less than the earned aid, Financial Aid will calculate a post-withdrawal disbursement. If this post-withdrawal disbursement contains loan funds, the student may elect to decline these funds as to not incur additional debt. The student will be notified of any additional disbursements via email to their student account.
When students fail to attend their classes, they could leave the University owing money because their charges for tuition, fees, housing and their meal plan exceed the amount of financial aid that they have earned. For these reasons, students are strongly advised to meet with a member of the Financial Aid Office to discuss the financial consequences of dropping out of or withdrawing before doing so.
Determination of aid for students who fail to earn a passing grade in any class
Financial aid is awarded under the assumption that the student will attend for the entire term for which federal assistance was disbursed. When the student has failed to earn a passing grade in at least one class for the term, federal regulations require the school to determine whether the student established eligibility for funds disbursed by attending at least one class or participating in any CU academic-related activity. If the school cannot verify that the student attended CU, all financial aid must be repaid to the federal programs. The student's account will be charged and the student will be responsible for any balance due.
If the student can prove to have participated in a class or academic-related activity past the 60% date, the student will not be required to return any disbursed financial aid. The student's account will be updated and the student will be responsible for any other charges that may have been applied to their account.
Students who are able to verify attendance beyond University records may submit supporting documentation to the Financial Aid Office.
Order of funds returned
The order of return of funds is prescribed by the Department of Education regulations as follows:
- Unsubsidized Federal Direct Loan
- Subsidized Federal Direct Loan
- Federal Perkins Loan
- Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan
- Federal Direct Parent PLUS Loan
- Federal Pell Grant
- Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (SEOG)
Loans
Loans must be repaid by the loan borrower as outlined in the terms of the borrower's promissory note.
The grace period for loan repayments for Federal Unsubsidized and Subsidized Direct Loans and Federal Perkins Loans will begin on the day of the withdrawal from the University. The student should contact the servicer if he/she has questions regarding the grace period or repayment status.